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1/250 is pretty much the standard, good balance between actually getting some shots and showing movement. You can go much slower but it gets very difficult, but then the results are arguably better when it does work. I use 1/50th quite often but only get 10 good shots from 100 with that, however at 1/250th it's more like 75 out of 100 good shots.
Here are a few samples all taken from the same place, look at the advertising boards in the background for an idea of how much background blur each setting achieves.
1. Take your time.
2. Don't stand too close to the fence/side of the track.
3. Try and keep the car equi-distance from you as you pan
4. Pan whilst following a particular part of car, a wing mirror, an advert etc.
And just keep practicing. If you zoom out then its easier to get the car in. The more you practice the less chopped off noses and boots you'll get until you get the whole car full frame, like the DTM pic I posted.
^^ Indeed, it's like a golf swing (I think, never actually played apart from PGA European Tour on my Mega Drive!), plenty of motion both before and after the point where you shoot is needed to get a good shot. And vertical movement is bad and automatically creates blur regardless of how smooth a pan is.
Probably not worth trying at this stage but manually focusing is more likely to get you a pin sharp image once you nail the panning technique. I always fire off a few shots at 1/1000 to find where the ideal focus point is, once they are sharp I move down to 1/100 or whatever. As long as the cars pass in roughly the same place it's fairly easy work from then on. Saying that though my auto-focus probably isn't up to the standard of the D-SLR boys here so it may be easier to just stick with AF on the better equipment.