The single biggest impact on temps is vcore voltage. I've recently 'underclocked' my QX9650 to 3.33Ghz but with very low voltage. I've had it running reasonably stable at 3.8Ghz but on air, I found I just couldn't push the voltage safely enough to make it Prime95 stable.
There's a myriad of different aspects to overclocking. Pretty much anyone can fumble about and increase the speeds. It's the balance and voltage thats hard to get right (Prime95 stable 24h+) Takes years of experience to get it maxed out with safe temps.
It's almost impossible to go into detail here, as it's a massive subject. As said already, quides are your best bet. Overclock.net is a huge resource. My only advice would be to just start reading and tinkering. If you're serious about it then you'll learn quickly enough simply by trial and error.
Remember it's NOT stable unless you can run Prime95 @ maximum stress, maximum heat for at least 24h, and even then you should keep in mind that ambients have a huge effect - stable on one day may be too hot on another etc. Use CoreTemp or RealTemp (the latter is best for quads) and remember temps are everything. Other than that, the worst you can expect is a failed POST which is easily fixed my popping your CMOS battery or jumpers (google
)
Happy researching, and prepare to get addicted