Well NOS is the best way for instant power and it is safe.
Ther problem is most idiots dont set it up right and blow their engines. When set up properly the power increase is there from idle to redline.
Drawbacks are, its not cheap, you need the bottle temp stabiliser (if you want to keep your engine healthy get it) and you need to fill a bottle up every now and then.
benifits, instant and welcome (usually) power increase, can be swapped car to car, doesnt require any semi major fabrication work.
Turbo, I like turbos, I like them a lot, however there are drawbacks, lag, boost control, manifolds, intercooling.
Blowers, no lag, run low boost so usually no intercooling needed, recent advances have alklowed better rotor sealing so less losses. Behaves just liek a naturally aspirated engine. Of course this is assuming your not running a centrifugal blower.
But you can also get power by tinkering with whats there, head work for example, a decent exhaust manifold (and I am not reffering to the joke that is powerflow), new cams etc.
Most cars dont make standard power as well, this can be down to many things. On the 172s I believe theres a problem with the VVT phase switch, may be wrong though that may be holding back power.