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Its primarily leakdown rate you are interested in. It's best to use a gauge but you can tell a lot by listening.
Bring the cylinder you want to check up to tdc. Presurise the cylinder by feeding compressed air in via an adaptor screwed into the spark plug hole; and listen to three things:
1) Listen to the end of the exhaust. If the exhaust valves are passing, you'll hear it.
2) Listen to the inlet (take the airbox off). If the inlet valves are passing, you'll hear it.
3) Take the oil filler cap off and get your ear next to the hole. This can be a tricky one but if the piston rings are buggered you'll hear them passing too.
Anything particularly bad will sound louder than the other two.
Just a guide but if you are getting severe leakdown then the above system will tell you what is to blame.
Im not sure of the correct leakdown figures, infact Im not sure leakdown rates are engine-specific. I think you look for similar leakdown behaviour in all 4-stroke engines. I could be wrong on this, so check
If a compression tester gives good figures then there probably isn't any need to go through the process I described.
Note: Compression test figures are dependant on compression ratio, and are therefore engine-specific.
If the compression test comes back poor then the process I described can tell you whats wrong. For example you might decide the piston rings have gone on No.3 cylinder, etc
The last leakdown tester I used was £300 worth, and again, all this tells you is the leakdown rate. If you find excessive leakdown then its time to start listening for where its leaking - you dont necessarily need something as elaborate as a leakdown tester to do this.
I'd run a compression test (cheap) and then if you identify a bad cylinder do the leakdown checks I descibed using an adaptor (also cheap)