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In your case, swap the bulb over to the other side, then the igniter, and then finally the ballast. When the light on the other side stops working, that's the component which has failed.
Sounds like your mate's got a short though, possibly in the igniter if he hasn't swapped that out yet.
6k is colour, not brightness. The higher it gets the bluer it is and the lower it gets the yellower it is, pure white is about 5000k so 6000k has a tinge of blue.
Obviously if you go fitting 10000k bulbs they'll be illegal because they're blue (AKA Chav Blue), but 6000k is fine.