Just read this on the Sheffield Uni site
http://www.shef.ac.uk/eee/resreport/emd1.htmlhttp://www.shef.ac.uk/eee/resreport/emd1.html
Electromechanical valve actuation is a key technology for improving the efficiency and reducing the fuel consumption of ICE vehicles, and thereby achieving a reduction in CO2 emissions. At the same time, engine noise can be significantly reduced. Novel actuator topologies, low cost sensors and robust control strategies for achieving the demanding dynamic performance requirements, and optimising power consumption, are being researched. Ultimately, the research findings will be validated on a Renault F4R engine. (Contact: mailto:g.jewell@sheffield.ac.uk">U face=Arial g.jewell@sheffield.ac.uk/U, mailto:r.e.clark@sheffield.ac.uk">U face=Arial r.e.clark@sheffield.ac.uk/U and mailto
http://www.shef.ac.uk/eee/resreport/images/emd2a.jpg