The 182 has a 24mm roll bar (not sure what the 172 is). The track is also slightly widened and the suspension is strengthened but Im not sure how.
The 172mk1 rear axle is slightly different, it doesnt need the automatic thing for the headlight adjustment (assuming that is on the rear suspension). I think the rear trailing arm itself is always the same part, I would have thought the 182 hubs are slightly wider and stronger but Im unable to compair part numbers with a 182.