Yeah photography was a lot more technical and skilful back then, you not only had to be good at taking the photos themselves you also had to be skilled in the dark room, but just as everything else, things move on and make it easier for the user.
GCSE photography is somewhat of a joke though to be honest, the things that you learn have barely any relation to real world photography and the fact that you aren’t judged by the merits of your photos but more the research that goes behind them and the processing after you’ve taken them annoys me given that a client in the real world doesn’t care what research into other photographers you’ve done, only the images that you are producing, so it is more of a fine art sort of course. I find it all very rudimentary due to doing what we’re doing in class about 3 years previous, but at least I can use images from outside of the classroom for my projects which given the extent of my photography outside of school makes it very easy to put a whole project together very easily.
As you say, improvement comes from having gear that you’re comfortable with and then learning techniques from the abundance of sources on the internet, you can’t listen to everybody on the internet because there’s no sure way of determining the value of someones opinion with photography being such a subjective thing. Mostly though, self-criticism is the biggest factor in your improvement, I’m incredibly self-critical with my photography and have found myself deleting streams of photos on Flickr until I’m happy with them, I also find myself thinking about the shots more and then also weeding out the poor ones.